ICH Q6B · ISO 21807 · ISO 18787:2017 · USP <1112> · HACCP Compliant

High-Precision Water Activity Measurement

Water Activity Meter Advantages

Advanced water activity meter and aw measurement systems for Pharma, Food, and Chemicals. Compliant with ICH Q6B, ISO 18787:2017 and USP <1112> standards.

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The eFWM-Solo Water Activity Meter Advantage

Smart & Portable

Forget fragile sensors and costly maintenance. The GBX eFWM water activity meter is designed for real laboratory conditions, delivering precise aw measurement every time.

True Measurement

Built on ASIC-based sensor technology, the GBX eFWM water activity meter measures true thermodynamic equilibrium. Unlike competing instruments that estimate results in 5 minutes, our approach guarantees absolute accuracy every time.

Production-Grade Cleaning

Sauce or powder splashed inside? No problem. The measurement chamber is easily accessible for cleaning in 30 seconds.

Zero Consumables

No filters to replace, no hidden operating costs. A sustainable long-term investment.

Always Ready

Record autonomy. Just a simple battery replacement every two years. No cables, no charger, no expensive filters.

Unique Modularity

From Field Use to Laboratory Station

eFWM Station (Sensor + Display)

Connect the eFWM-Solo sensor to our 7″ or 8″ touchscreen to create a full eFWM laboratory station.

Magnetic Innovation

Our magnetic sample cup holder ensures perfect, repeatable sealing. No more fragile mechanical systems.

Simplified Maintenance

Standard, easy-to-replace cable and built-in self-diagnostics.

Software & Pharma Compliance

Full traceability. Compliant with ISO 18787:2017 and USP . Optional 21 CFR Part 11 support for FDA and EFSA audits (audit trail & electronic signatures).

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Very high accuracy and excellent reproducibility, with two precision levels depending on
selected electronics configuration.

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The sensor is intentionally designed to remain easily detachable from the electronics, providing several major advantages:

Water Activity Meter Applications: Pharma, Food & Chemical Industries

Discover how water activity measurement serves your industry. Read our expert guide: Moisture Content vs. Water Activity

Pharmaceutical Industry

ICH Q6B and USP compliance, 21 CFR Part 11 readiness, FDA/EFSA guideline alignment, and precision measurement for pharmaceutical quality control.

Food Industry

Industrial water activity meters and moisture content analyzers for HACCP compliance, shelf-life prediction, and food safety.

What is Water Activity (aw)?

Water activity (aw) is a thermodynamic parameter that measures the availability of water for chemical and biological processes.
Water activity in laboratory glassware

Thermodynamic Definition

Water activity (aw) is a dimensionless thermodynamic parameter defined as the ratio of the partial vapor pressure of water in a sample to the saturation vapor pressure of pure water at the same temperature:

aw = p / p₀

Consequently, it reflects the chemical potential of water in a system and quantifies the availability of water for physicochemical and biological processes, rather than the total water content. Moreover, from a thermodynamic perspective, water activity is directly linked to Gibbs free energy and governs equilibrium conditions between phases (solid–liquid–vapor). In practical terms: aw describes how “free” or “mobile” water is in a material.

Water Activity vs Moisture Content

In summary, water activity and moisture content are fundamentally different parameters:

Water activity (aw) and moisture content are different parameters used in quality control and stability analysis.

ParameterWater Activity (aw)Moisture Content
NatureThermodynamic (energy state)Gravimetric (mass fraction)
UnitDimensionless (0–1)% or g/kg
MeaningWater availabilityTotal water present
Predictive powerMicrobial growth, stabilityLimited predictive value
DependenceStructure, binding, compositionOnly quantity of water

Two materials can have identical moisture content but very different water activities, depending on how water is bound (e.g., crystalline vs amorphous systems).

Role in Microbial Growth

As a critical thermodynamic parameter, water activity (aw) directly controls microbial growth and product stability in food and pharmaceutical systems.

Water activity is the primary controlling factor for microbial proliferation.
Each class of microorganism has a minimum aw threshold:

MicroorganismMinimum aw
Most bacteria~0.90
Yeasts~0.85
Molds~0.70
Xerophilic moldsdown to ~0.60

Below aw ≈ 0.60, microbial growth is effectively inhibited.

As a result, regulatory frameworks in food and pharma rely on aw to define safe storage conditions.

Sorption Isotherms (Brief Overview)

In essence, a sorption isotherm describes the equilibrium relationship between water activity (aw) and moisture content. When plotted at constant temperature, it reveals three key regions of water binding.

Typical shape: sigmoidal (Type II) for most food and pharmaceutical solids.

Key regions:

Sorption isotherms are critical for:

Why Water Activity Matters

Discover how water activity measurement serves your industry

1. Pharmaceutical Stability

Water activity plays a critical role in drug product stability:

Regulatory guidance such as ICH emphasizes environmental control where aw is a key parameter.

In fact, aw is often more relevant than moisture content for predicting real stability behavior.

2. Food Shelf Life

In food systems, water activity is the single most important parameter for shelf-life determination:

Examples:

Therefore, shelf life is fundamentally governed by water mobility rather than total water content.
Microbial process in food creation

Key Takeaway

In conclusion, water activity (aw) is a core thermodynamic parameter that governs:

Furthermore, it provides predictive insight that moisture content alone cannot deliver. As a result, it is essential for modern quality control and product development in both pharmaceutical and food industries.
Water activity cycle infographic

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